What does a positive Trousseau's phenomenon indicate?

A positive Trousseau's phenomenon is indicative of hypoparathyroidism or hypocalcemia. This clinical sign is characterized by the involuntary contraction of muscles, specifically in the hand and forearm, which occurs when a blood pressure cuff is inflated above the systolic pressure for several minutes. This reaction is intricately linked to low levels of calcium in the blood, as calcium plays a critical role in neuromuscular excitability.

When calcium levels are insufficient, the nervous system becomes increasingly excitable, leading to symptoms such as muscle spasms or tetany, which can be demonstrated through Trousseau's sign. The presence of this sign is often used clinically to assess for underlying calcium imbalances, particularly in contexts involving parathyroid function or chronic renal disease.

Understanding Trousseau's phenomenon in relation to hypoparathyroidism or hypocalcemia is essential for diagnosing and managing patients who may be at risk for or are experiencing calcium deficiency.