What defines acute compartment syndrome?

Acute compartment syndrome is defined by increased pressure within a muscle compartment, which can compromise circulation and tissue perfusion. This condition often arises after an injury, such as a fracture, that causes swelling, bleeding, or edema within a closed anatomical space. The elevated pressure can lead to a decrease in blood flow, resulting in hypoxia and subsequent tissue damage, potentially causing irreversible damage to muscles and nerves if not addressed promptly.

Immediate recognition and intervention are crucial, often requiring surgical intervention such as fasciotomy to relieve the pressure and restore blood flow. The symptoms may include severe pain that is disproportionate to the injury, numbness, and muscle weakness. Understanding this pathology is vital for orthopedic nurses, as quick diagnosis can greatly affect patient outcomes.