What characterizes fat embolism syndrome?

Fat embolism syndrome is characterized by the release of fat droplets into the bloodstream, typically occurring after trauma or orthopedic surgery, particularly in cases involving long bone fractures. This release can lead to a variety of symptoms, including respiratory distress, neurological impairment, and petechial rash. The fat globules can obstruct pulmonary and cerebral blood vessels, leading to the clinical manifestations associated with the syndrome.

In this context, the correct option emphasizes the physiological process of fat entering systemic circulation as a key characteristic of the syndrome. This phenomenon is particularly pertinent following surgical interventions, which can trigger the mobilization of fat from the marrow of bones or other tissues.

In contrast, excessive blood loss during surgery, delayed healing of bone fractures, and increased risk of infection, while relevant to surgical and orthopedic care, do not define fat embolism syndrome. They may be complications or challenges associated with orthopedic procedures but do not directly relate to the pathophysiological mechanism of fat embolism formation.